Sachinenne Na Temu Gerachnae Tragchnae Apovesc Znak Byadi

Search • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. Body weight and BMI Body mass index (BMI) is a measure used to help show whether or not a person has a healthy weight. BMI includes a measure of height and weight. So, BMI is better than weight alone when making comparisons. For people ages 20 and older, weight status categories are: BMI Body weight status 18.5 to 24.9 Normal 25.0 to 29.9 Overweight 30.0 and greater Obese Body weight, breast cancer risk and menopausal status Many studies link BMI to breast cancer risk. However, BMI affects risk differently before and after menopause.

• Before menopause, being overweight or obese modestly decreases breast cancer risk []. • After menopause, being overweight or obese increases breast cancer risk []. Komen PerspectivesRead Komen’s perspective on body weight and breast cancer risk (September 2011).* Body weight and breast cancer risk before menopause Women who are overweight or obese before menopause have a 20-40 percent lower risk of breast cancer than those who are lean []. Although being overweight or obese may lower breast cancer risk before menopause, weight gain should be avoided. Most breast cancers occur after menopause. Any weight you gain before menopause you may carry into your postmenopausal years.

Hormone receptor status Some findings suggest being overweight or obese may increase the risk of breast cancers before menopause, including []. Body weight and breast cancer risk after menopause Women who are overweight or obese after menopause have a 30-60 percent higher breast cancer risk than those who are lean []. Hormone receptor status Being overweight after menopause may increase the risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancers more than cancers []. A that combined the results of 4 studies found postmenopausal women who were heavy had a 70 percent greater risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer compared to those who were lean []. However, these heavier women did not have an increased risk of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers []. For a summary of research studies on body weight and breast cancer,.

How can body weight affect breast cancer risk after menopause? Blood estrogen levels Before menopause, most estrogens in the body are produced in the ovaries. After menopause, the ovaries no longer produce much estrogen and estrogens mainly come from fat tissue. Fat tissue contains an enzyme called aromatase that converts hormones called androgens (made mostly in the adrenal glands) to estrogens. So, heavier women have higher blood estrogen levels than leaner women []. Women with higher estrogen levels have an increased risk of breast cancer compared to women with lower estrogen levels []. So, the extra estrogen likely explains at least some of the increased breast cancer risk among postmenopausal women who are overweight.

Serial tendering is more of a hybrid/advanced method tendering which combines a normal competitive tender (whether single or two-stage) with negotiation. It is often used for clients who have a number of phases of similar work. Where this is the case the original competitive tender will serve as a framework to negotiate following phases of work. Continuity tendering is a variation on serial tendering, where subsequent work is negotiated following successful completion of a preliminary contract. Related articles on Designing Buildings Wiki. Appointing consultants. Due diligence when selecting contractors or subcontractors. Invitation to tender. Measured term contract. Mid-tender Interviews. Serial tendering advantages and disadvantages.