Sn Rk 202 14 2002

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Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a spectroscopic technique which combines modern laser spectroscopy with the exciting optical properties of metallic nanostructures, resulting in strongly increased Raman signals when molecules are attached to nanometre-sized gold and silver structures. The effect provides the structural information content of Raman spectroscopy together with ultrasensitive detection limits, allowing Raman spectroscopy of single molecules.

Feb 25, 2014 - BMC Public Health2014 14:202. © Haque et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Received: 25.

Since SERS takes place in the local fields of metallic nanostructures, the lateral resolution of the technique is determined by the confinement of the local fields, which can be two orders of magnitude better than the diffraction limit. Moreover, SERS is an analytical technique, which can give information on surface and interface processes. SERS opens up exciting opportunities in the field of biophysical and biomedical spectroscopy, where it provides ultrasensitive detection and characterization of biophysically/biomedically relevant molecules and processes as well as a vibrational spectroscopy with extremely high spatial resolution. The article briefly introduces the SERS effect and reviews contemporary SERS studies in biophysics/biochemistry and in life sciences. Potential and limitations of the technique are briefly discussed.

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For the list of numbered TNOs, see. Plot — (a) against: • (top) and (bottom) • plots: core region (left) and full region (right) Resonant (39 ) and (48 AU) and (  49 AU) Other besides plutinos and twotinos (cubewanos) (SDO) Other TNOs (dots) and (asterisk), prominent This is a list of unnumbered (TNOs) first observed since 1993 and grouped by the year of. The data is sourced from the 's (MPC) List of Trans Neptunian Objects and List Of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects.

These objects will eventually be as secured discoveries with an official determined by the MPC. Until then, additional observations are needed to sufficiently decrease an object's. As of January 2019, there are, defined here as with a larger than 30.1 (Neptune's average orbital distance from the Sun). The list also contains information from the 'Johnston's Archive', such as an object's diameter, its dynamical class and with the satellite's diameter, as well as its,.

Members of the (, and ) – with a semi-major axis greater than 150 AU and greater than 30 AU – are also identified. 1994 [ ] First Observed (discovered) (km) Orbital description Remarks Refs Date () Class () () (AU) (AU) 1994 ES 2 13 March 1994 J. Jewitt ( ) 134 () 46 0.12 1 40.5 51.5 BR-mag: 1.65 1994 EV 3 13 March 1994 D. Luu ( 568) 168 cubewano (cold) 43.2 0.04 2 41.6 44.8 BR-mag: 1.73;: RR 1994 TG 3 October 1994 D. Knopp ( 568) 176 cubewano () 42.3 0 7 42.3 42.3 — 1994 TG 2 8 October 1994 ( ) 176 other TNO 42.4 0 2 42.4 42.4 — 1994 TH 3 October 1994 G.

Knopp ( ) 176 other TNO 40.9 0 16 40.9 40.9 —. 1995 [ ] First Observed (discovered) (km) Orbital description Remarks Refs Date () Class () () (AU) (AU) 1995 DB 2 24 February 1995 D. Jewitt ( ) 134 () 46.5 0.13 4 40.2 52.7 — 1995 DC 2 24 February 1995 J. Jewitt ( 568) 154 cubewano (cold) 44.2 0.07 2 41.3 47.1 — 1995 FB 21 29 March 1995 S.

McBride ( ) 140 other TNO 42.4 0 1 42.4 42.4 — 1995 GA 7 3 April 1995 ( ) 140? 39.5 0.12 4 34.8 44.2 — 3 April 1995 D. Chen ( 568) 176 () 42.9 0.09 23 39 46.8 — 1995 GY 7 6 April 1995 ( ) 140 other TNO 41.3 0 1 41.3 41.3 — 1995 HM 5 26 April 1995 ( ) 128 39.9 0.26 5 29.6 50.3 BR-mag: 1.22;: BR 1995 KJ 1 30 May 1995 ( ) 222 other TNO 43.5 0 3 43.5 43.5 — 1995 KK 1 30 May 1995 ( 568) 88? Sbornik uprazhnenij po russkomu yaziku rozentalj reshebnik. 39.5 0.19 9 32 47 — 1995 YY 3 24 December 1995 D.

Jewitt ( 568) 88 plutino? 39.1 0.22 0 30.7 47.5 —. 1996 [ ] First Observed (discovered) (km) Orbital description Remarks Refs Date () Class () () (AU) (AU) 1996 AS 20 14 January 1996 ( ) 61 35.8 0.62 11 13.6 58 — 1996 KV 1 21 May 1996 ( ) 154 () 45.6 0.12 8 40.2 51 — 1996 KX 1 22 May 1996 C. Luu ( 568) 88? 39.5 0.1 2 35.7 43.4 — 1996 KY 1 16 May 1996 J. Jewitt ( 568) 111 plutino? 39.5 0.1 31 35.7 43.3 — 1996 RQ 20 6 September 1996 ( ) 185 () 43.7 0.1 32 39.4 48 BR-mag: 1.56;: IR 1996 RR 20 15 September 1996 ( ) 193 39.5 0.18 5 32.6 46.5 BR-mag: 1.87; taxonomy: RR 1996 TK 66 9 October 1996 B.